Perspectives of Female Pupils, Parents, and Teachers on the Impact of PPI in Reducing Early Motherhood in Church-Sponsored Kajiado North, Kenya

This study investigates the role of the Pastoral Programme of Instruction (PPI) in addressing early motherhood among girls aged 10-14 in church-sponsored primary schools in Kajiado North, Kenya. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data gathered from 163 pupils, 10 parents, and 10 headteachers. The findings indicate that while a high percentage (94.5%) of pupils actively participate in PPI sessions, significant cultural factors, particularly Maasai traditions such as lobola (bridewealth) and female genital mutilation (FGM), continue to serve as influential drivers of early motherhood. Statistical analysis reveals that these cultural practices are strongly associated with the prevalence of early pregnancies, with Maasai traditions showing a significant correlation (Fisher's Exact Test: p=0.014). Although 70% of parents report that they find the PPI to be effective in raising awareness about early motherhood, gaps remain in the curriculum, particularly in areas such as contraceptive education, which is covered in only 30% of the schools. Additionally, the limited engagement of male elders further hinders the program's impact. Based on these findings, the study recommends the integration of economic empowerment modules within the PPI curriculum, the use of biblical narratives to challenge harmful cultural practices, and a more active role for church networks in enforcing anti-FGM legislation. These steps aim to enhance the effectiveness of PPI and contribute to reducing the incidence of early motherhood in the region.