Characteristics and Complication Patterns Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients Seeking Emergency Care: A Prospective Observational Study

Objective: To identify the clinical profile and complications of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting to the emergency department (ED).Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India.A total of 260 CKD patients presenting to the ED were included.Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, and outcomes were analyzed.Results: The mean age was 43.3 16.4 years, with a female predominance (63%).Hypertension (HTN) (31.5%) was the most common etiology.Common complications included anemia (86.9%), electrolyte imbalance (81.2%), pneumonia (46.9%), and pulmonary edema (44.2%).Hyperkalemia was present in 39.6% of patients.Approximately 85% required admission, with an overall mortality of 25.4%.Chronic kidney disease stage V patients on dialysis had a higher incidence of complications compared to dialysis-naive patients.Conclusion: Anemia, electrolyte imbalances, and cardiopulmonary complications are common.Early identification and management of these complications are crucial to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.Clinical significance: This study highlights the subset of patients who frequently use the ER, which will help in the early identification and management of such patients.