Optimising level of service scores for footpaths using multi-criteria decision-making approach

Existing methods for evaluating footpath quality often neglect user satisfaction and time-based variations, creating lacunae in comprehensive assessment models.The present study addressed these gaps by developing six-level optimised level of service scores to evaluate footpaths near transit stations.The present research integrated quantitative and qualitative attributes using the analytic hierarchy process and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution.The results showed significant variations in footpath quality during peak and non-peak hours, revealing discrepancies between conventional grading systems and user perceptions.The findings support holistic planning for pedestrian infrastructure, enhancing last-mile connectivity and transit ridership.