Threats and Vulnerabilities in Cloud Computing: A Comprehensive Security Analysis

Cloud computing remains a cornerstone of modern IT infrastructure in 2025, yet it is plagued by persistent and evolving security issues. This review synthesizes recent data from sources like the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) Top Threats 2025 report, IBM's Cost of a Data Breach 2025, and various industry analyses, highlighting threats such as misconfigurations, data breaches, API vulnerabilities, and AI-driven attacks. Key statistics reveal that 82% of breaches involve cloud data, with human error accounting for 82% of misconfigurations, leading to an average global breach cost of $4.45 million. Through data analysis, including growth rates and sector-specific impacts, this paper examines vulnerabilities, real-world incidents, mitigation strategies, and future trends. Visual aids, tables, and charts illustrate the escalating threat landscape, emphasizing the need for proactive, AI-enhanced defenses.