Unravelling oral patterns: correlation of dactyloscopy and cheiloscopy with dental caries in 4-9 years old children: a pilot study

Background: Genetic studies for early detection of caries susceptibility are gaining attention due to the availability of non-invasive, affordable, and effective tools. Cariogenesis results from a dynamic interaction between environmental and behavioural factors. This study aims to explore the correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns, specifically dactyloscopy (fingerprints) and cheiloscopy (lip prints), with dental caries in 4-9 years old children. Methods: The study included 100 children aged 4-9 years who were divided into three groups based on their decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT/deft) index. Dactyloscopic and cheiloscopic patterns recorded and analyzed for their correlation with the prevalence of dental caries. Results: The most common fingerprints patterns in the children with higher deft scores were loop (54%) pattern, followed by whorls (34%) and arches (12%). Branched pattern (63%) of lip was found in children with moderate to severe caries. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that dermatoglyphics and cheiloscopic patterns are valuable in understanding the genetic basis of dental caries. In a developing country like India, these methods provide non-invasive, affordable, and efficient tools for predicting dental caries. Early identification through these techniques can support proactive oral health management and promote preventive care from an early age.