Population Ageing Structure in India: It’s Implications for Agriculture Developments and Farmers Empowerment – Review

Background: India’s rapidly aging population presents challenges, particularly in rural areas where agriculture is the primary livelihood. The elderly farming population faces diminishing physical capacity and productivity, highlighting the need to understand how aging affects agricultural labor and household economics. Methods: This study examines the participation of elderly farmers in agriculture using semi-structured questionnaires, motion tracking devices, and regression analysis. Data were collected on demographic factors, physical demands of agricultural tasks, and involvement in farming activities across various rural regions. Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the relationship between aging, agricultural productivity, household income, and socio-economic variables. Results: Preliminary findings reveal that farmers aged over 70 experience reduced physical capacity for high-intensity agricultural tasks. Households with larger landholdings are more financially stable, while landless households face greater economic vulnerability. Gender disparities were noted, with female farmers showing more significant limitations in physical work. The presence of elderly members increases household expenses by 12%, while contributing 14.3% more to household income. Additionally, each year of increased age in elderly members correlates with a 0.2% rise in expenses. Conclusion: The aging agricultural workforce in India underscores the need for policies tailored to elderly farmers. These policies should promote less physically demanding roles, ensure economic security, and strengthen social welfare systems, contributing to a more inclusive and sustainable rural economy.