Elaboración de biocombustibles (briquetas) a partir de residuos de madera de Polylepis incana (Queñual) en el distrito de Ahuaycha, Huancavelica

The production of briquettes from Polylepis incana sawdust emerges as a viable solution to the energy and environmental crisis. This species, known for its resistance to extreme conditions and high calorific value, enables the transformation of wood residues into sustainable biofuels, contributing to the circular economy and waste management. The study was conducted in Ahuaycha, Huancavelica, using 2 kg of sawdust, 1/4 kg of potato starch as a binder, and 1 liter of water. Techniques such as sieving, manual mixing, and compaction with an artisanal briquette press were employed, producing 50 g briquettes. The analysis included determining moisture (18.01%), density (0.38 g/cm³), and cellulose content (55.41%), highlighting the starch's impact on water retention and compaction. The briquettes demonstrated a combustion duration of 1 hour and 47 minutes, although moisture exceeding the ISO 17225-7 standard may limit their energy efficiency. The cellulose content and anatomical structure of Polylepis incana confer optimal properties for biofuels. In conclusion, this process highlights the potential of Polylepis incana residues to generate renewable energy, promoting sustainability in rural communities and reducing pollutant emissions, with areas for improvement in drying and product compaction.