On–Off Digital Noise Modulation

This letter introduces a novel binary digital modulation scheme called on-off digital noise (OODN) modulation, in which bit 1 is transmitted as a digital complex additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), while bit 0 is represented by silence. Closed-form expressions for the bit error probability (BEP) under AWGN channels are derived, and the analysis is extended to fading environments modeled by the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> distribution, which encompasses both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (nLoS) conditions. The performance of OODN is evaluated and compared against conventional binary modulations, including binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and on-off keying (OOK), and also with the recently proposed noise modulation (NoiseMod), demonstrating excellent BEP performance. All analytical results are validated through Monte Carlo simulations, including scenarios based on practical millimeter wave (mmWave) channel models. The proposed technique represents a promising solution for low-complexity and ultra-low-power transceivers.