Perfil: OROV

Oropouche Virus (OROV) is a segmented RNA arbovirus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus within the Peribunyaviridae family and classified within the Simbu serogroup. It is the etiological agent of the zoonotic disease known as Oropouche Fever. This acute disease ranks second after dengue in cases of febrile syndrome. It is considered an emerging, underdiagnosed disease with significant epidemic potential in the subtropical region. Since the first isolation of the virus in 1955, numerous outbreaks have been reported across the Americas. Due to the high number of recent cases, particularly in Brazil, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) claimed an epidemiological alert in early 2024, with more than 13,000 cases reported throughout the year. The disease dynamics involves both a sylvatic and an urban transmission cycle, interconnected through human activity. Environmental and land-use changes significantly impact its spread, requiring an approach under the One Health paradigm. The main vector in the urban cycle is the biting midge Culicoides paraensis. Currently, no specific treatment or vaccine are available, making vector control and personal protective measures the primary strategies for disease prevention.