Wavefront Shaping with Varying Degrees of Freedom

Optical wavefront shaping uses the physical feature that whereas light scattering is complex, it is a linear process and hence deterministic [1], [2]. The incident wavefront is controlled, for instance, to focus light through a scattering sample, by spatially modulating the wavefronts with Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) or Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs) combined with Lee holography [3]. The main criterion in traditional wavefront shaping is the enhancement of the intensity at the target, defined as the ratio of the optimized intensity at the target, and the average intensity at the target for many realizations of the scattering sample.