Local Manipulation and Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement of Circular Rydberg Atoms

Rydberg atoms are particularly well suited for quantum simulation, due to their strong dipole-dipole interactions over distances of a few microns. Defect-free arrays of Rydberg atoms are now being used in many experimental setups. However, these systems are typically constrained to simulation durations of only a few microseconds, limited by the lifetime of the laser-accessible states used. Circular Rydberg atoms (CRA), on the other hand, possess a natural lifetime up to a hundred times longer, extending to several tens of milliseconds. They offer the perspective to run quantum simulation over unprecedented timescales [1]. While the absence of optical transitions from circular Rydberg levels ensures their longevity, it also prevents their optical manipulation and readout required for local operations and measurements-key components of quantum simulation.