Polycrystalline Lithium Niobate Nonlinear Metasurfaces

Lithium niobate (LiNbO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>) has emerged as an impactful novel material platform for nanophotonics, enabled by the smart-cut technology that allows precise and high-quality nanofabrication. While mono crystalline LiNbO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> metasurfaces have been intensively studied for higher harmonics enhancement and electro-optic modulation, polycrystalline LiNbO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> has only been investigated as thin films. Furthermore, bottom-up fabrication has so far been limited to self-assembled colloidal structures, resulting in limited engineering options[1].