Individually Controllable Continuous Variable Cluster State on Quantum Photonic Integrated Circuits

While a recent breakthrough has realized the first frequency-encoded multi-qumode entanglement and cluster states on CV-QPIC[1], here we present a scalable CV-QPIC architecture capable of generating, manipulating, and verifying path-encoded multi-qumode cluster states (Fig. 1a). Our design monolithically incorporates several key components: spectrally tunable high-purity squeezing sources adopting dual-microring dual-interferometer (DMDI) configuration [2]–[4], reconfigurable linear optical networks for single-qumode rotations and two-qumode entangling gate, and on-chip homodyne detection interferometers with phase-stable local oscillators.