Locking the VCSEL Polarization in the Horizontal and Diagonal Polarization Basis

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) have become a staple in numerous contemporary applications, encompassing domains such as sensing, metrology, spectroscopy, and communication systems. A significant aspect of these applications is the requirement for stable polarization emission from VCSELs. However, polarization switching has been observed to be a prevalent phenomenon in VCSELs. To address this issue, various methods to control the VCSEL polarization have been developed, including metal wire grids, non-circular resonators, and surface gratings [1]–[3].