Innovative comprehensive model and future strategies for the installation of wave power plants: A case study in the black sea, Turkey

• A comprehensive model is proposed for the integration of wave and offshore wind energy systems. • The study introduces a Multi-Criteria Stability Index (M-CSI) for optimal sub-location selection. • A techno-economic analysis reveals LCoE values ranging from 168.51 to 277.295 EUR/MWh. This study proposes a novel and structured model to accelerate the deployment of wave energy systems by integrating them with offshore wind technologies in a hybrid configuration. The model employs a multi-step methodology, comprising sub-location selection based on elimination criteria, site prioritization using a Multi-Criteria Stability Index (M-CSI), estimation of resource potential from meteorological data, technology matching, and hybrid system operation. A real-case validation is conducted in Turkey’s Black Sea region, identifying Kumköy as the most suitable site. The wave energy potential in Kumköy is estimated to be between 0.75 and 4.6875 kW/m, and the wind power potential reaches 1.102 MW. A 4 MW hybrid facility is designed to produce 12,193.506 MWh annually. The techno-economic analysis identifies three representative LCoE values for the hybrid system: 168.51, 231.5824, and 277.295 EUR/MWh, reflecting variations in system performance and economic parameters. Environmental impact is also assessed: if fossil fuels were used instead, the social cost of carbon emissions would be approximately $418,237.26 for natural gas and $699,977.28 for coal. By offering a holistic roadmap for site selection, technology integration, and economic evaluation, this model aims to overcome key barriers in wave and ocean energy development and support global renewable energy targets.