Germination and regeneration dynamics of the native tree species Guibourtia copallifera in Kasewe Forest Reserve, Moyamba District

Guibourtia copallifera, native to West Tropical Africa, has a restricted geographic range in Sierra Leone, being common only in the Kasawe Forest Reserve. This species faces challenges in regeneration due to human pressures such as farming, logging, and charcoal production. Despite successful growth in plantations, there is minimal natural seedling establishment. The specific objective was to determine the effect of shade, leaf litter, and planting depth on germination success. Germination was significantly higher in the forest habitat compared to ex-situ trials, with dark forest conditions yielding the best results. Germination success decreased with increased planting depth. Seeds on the soil surface in deep shade had the highest success. Leaf litter negatively impacted germination. Seeds in full sunlight had the lowest germination rates, and intermediate light conditions supported better seedling survival. Trials at Njala University’s Gmelina plantation showed poorer germination results compared to those at Kasawe (p < 0.001, df = 4, F = 31.7), suggesting that light quality plays a significant role in seed germination. Overall, seedling survival was best under moderate light. Increased leaf litter hindered germination. Further research is needed to understand how seed germination and seedling growth contribute to forest regeneration and species coexistence in this ecosystem. Key words: Biomass, forest degradation, Guibourtia copallifera, light intensity, planting depth, seeds.