Electric Vehicles and 5G: Impacts and Synergies for Sustainable Transportation

While Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles due to their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. This comprehensive review examines the environmental impacts of EVs, focusing on life cycle assessments (LCA), battery production and disposal, and the implications of energy sources. Additionally, the paper explores the role of 5G technology in enhancing EV communication, with a particular emphasis on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, autonomous driving, and smart grid integration. By integrating 5G, EVs can achieve greater efficiency, safety, and connectivity, which could further mitigate their environmental impacts. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies to provide a holistic understanding of the intersection between EVs, environmental sustainability, and advanced communication technologies.