THE ROLE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSIN THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

National identity forms a foundational bedrock of modern society, serving as a collective consciousness that reflects a shared history, culture, values, and traditions. In an era of globalization, where cultural boundaries grow increasingly fluid, the cultivation and preservation of national identity become critically important for states seeking to protect their unique heritage. A strong national identity fosters unity, solidarity, and social harmony, thereby ensuring political stability and overall societal well-being. This article examines the mechanisms through which national identity is formed and the crucial role it plays in consolidating society. Particular attention is given to the power of secondary education institutions, especially history textbooks, to disseminate core values and cultural memories. By selecting key historical events and national heroes, educational curricula can elicit a sense of pride and belonging among the younger generation. This approach not only enhances unity in multiethnic societies but also nurtures critical thinking and a nuanced engagement with the past.The study concludes that a well-designed educational policy can deliberately shape positive perceptions of both the past and present, steering youth toward the acceptance of national values and the reinforcement of a unique cultural code. However, challenges arise when integrating multiple ethnocultural groups into a single national entity, as a balance must be maintained between emphasizing common traits and preserving cultural diversity. Overemphasis or idealization may distort historical facts and marginalize certain groups. Thus, while strengthening national identity is vital, it is equally important to promote inclusivity and critical reflection on historical narratives for a truly cohesive society.