Efficacy and safety of omalizumab for children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis (Literature review)

Atopic dermatitis is an important medical and social problem and more often affects children and adolescents, leading to a significant deterioration in quality of life. As of 2021, the number of pediatric atopic dermatitis cases worldwide reached 72.4 million, an increase of 6.2% since 2000. Not all cases of atopic dermatitis are effectively treated and may be refractory to first-line therapy, which requires searching for other principles of therapy. According to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Federation, a monoclonal antibody dupilumab can be prescribed to the patient with moderate and severe course of the disease. Meanwhile, foreign scientific articles have studied the efficacy and safety of other monoclonal antibodies, particularly omalizumab, in patients with atopic dermatitis. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to free IgE and inhibits the interaction of IgE with the FcεRI receptor on mast cells and basophils. The efficacy of omalizumab has been well studied in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and bronchial asthma. At the same time, data on the efficacy of omalizumab in atopic dermatitis both in foreign and domestic literature are poorly described. In the given scientific review, the data of studies devoted to the use of omalizumab in the therapy of atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents were reflected. The number of studies on the use of omalizumab in pediatric patients with AD, as well as the number of patients in the study cohort, is limited. The issue of the safety of using omalizumab for atopic dermatitis in pediatric practice is also poorly understood, and the adverse reaction profile remains incomplete. We analyzed 4 studies and 2 clinical cases devoted to the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in children with atopic dermatitis.