Safety analysis of tirzepatide in clinical practice

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease directly linked to lifestyle and excess weight, leading to a decline in quality of life. The number of people with type 2 diabetes worldwide has reached 463 million and continues to grow each year. For the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, a new drug, tirzepatide, was approved in the Russian Federation in 2025. Tirzepatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety profile of tirzepatide based on clinical trial data. Special attention was given to the SURPASS, SURMOUNT, and SYNERGY-NASH trials, which assessed adverse reactions associated with tirzepatide use. The results showed that the most common adverse reactions were gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, primarily during the dose-escalation period. Dyspepsia, constipation, colorectal polyps, and gallbladder-related complications were reported less frequently. Notably, tirzepatide demonstrated a positive impact on the cardiovascular system, including a reduced risk of atherosclerotic diseases. Improvements in glomerular filtration rate and reduced albuminuria were observed in the urinary system. Tirzepatide has a favorable safety profile but requires further investigation. The drug is a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes, though its use should be accompanied by monitoring for potential adverse reactions.