Symptomatic and Asymptomatic West Nile Fever Virus among Sudanese Population

West Nile virus one of Flavivirus genus, Family Flaviviridae, West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, it causes west Nile fever, it also, causes in less than 1% of infections a west Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) with an approximate 10% fatality.This cross-sectional study aims to detect WNV among citizens of Gezira State, Sudan.This study was done in 400 people during the period 2019 to 2022.Five ml of blood sample were collected in 2 ml in EDTA tube in 3 ml plain container, plasma and serum was collected after centrifugation of the blood.IgG and IgM of WNV were detected using ELISA method, then RT-PCR was performed to detect the virus in WNV-IgG positive samples.The serological detection by using WNV-IgG antibodies showed that 249 cases (62.25%) were positive, and 151 cases (37.75%) were negative.While all samples are negative for WNV-IgM antibodies.This study showed that there was no significant correlation between the risk factors and occurrence of WNV-IgG antibodies, P > 0.05, except for neck stiffness there was significant correlation with occurrence of WNV-IgG antibodies P < 0.05.In the diagnosis of WNV using WNV-IgM antibodies, all the study populations, 400 samples were negative (100%), this is due to status of the patients as most of them in chronic stage of infection.The study concluded that the study population were in chronic stage of infection with WNV.Recommended the necessity of continuous surveillance of WNV and other vector-borne diseases in the region, to find active WNV infections.Public health initiatives could focus on preventive measures, education about mosquito control, and awareness campaigns regarding the symptoms of WNV.