Neuroengineering: Bridging Neuroscience and Technology for the Future of Brain-Machine Integration

Abstract Neuroengineering, also known as neural engineering, is an interdisciplinary field that applies engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, enhance, or otherwise exploit the properties of neural systems. As the convergence of neuroscience, biomedical engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence, neuroengineering has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders, enabled the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), and advanced neuroprosthetics. This article explores the foundations, current advancements, key applications, and future directions of neuroengineering in the context of both research and clinical utility.