Multi-Photon 3D Bioprinting of Scaffold Structures for Blood Vessel Formation Using Femtosecond Laser

This study presents a method for applying multi-photon absorption to fabricate micro-scale scaffold structures for blood vessel formation within hydrogels, using a femtosecond laser. The structures were fabricated via femtosecond laser ablation and cavitation enabling the replication of complex micro-scale microvascular systems. A pressure control system was designed to reproduce variations in channel diameter observed in natural blood vessels. By adjusting the pressure, changes in diameter were confirmed demonstrating the influence of pressure on cavitation. Fabricated structures using the two modes were also evaluated by seeding endothelial cells and subsequent blood vessel formation was observed.