The Impact of the Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption on Earth's Temperature

In January 2020, we published a paper [1] showing that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claimed that Earth’s temperature would reach 1.5 °C above pre-industrial days by 2030. At the same time, those who study the Sun, such as Valentina Zharkov, indicated that by 2030, the Earth's temperature would be much lower and close to pre-industrial times. The satellite temperature measurements of the Earth’s temperature are the best because they cover the whole Earth and minimize the urban heat island effect. This record shows that from January 2019 to January 2023, the temperatures dropped by approximately 0.5 °C, which indicates that the Earth is cooling. On January 15, 2022, the Hunga Tonga submarine volcano violently erupted, sending approximately 146 million tonnes of water into the stratosphere. This water reduced the heat flow to space. It increased the Earth’s temperature to a peak in April 2024 of approximately 0.45 °C above the safe upper limit of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as promoted by the IPCC. There was no disastrous effect. We are halfway to 2030, and there are serious problems with the IPCC estimate. It is recommended that the IPCC consider revising its estimates of the impact of CO2 on warming the Earth’s atmosphere.