Review on Contemporary Heat Transfer Enhancement Technologies in Conventional Heat Exchangers

This review examines modern approaches for improving heat transfer in heat exchangers, focusingon findings from 52 recent research papers. The strategies presented include nanofluids, surfacemodification techniques, the use of extended surfaces, and novel design combinations. Nanofluids,which contain nanoparticles such as Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2, have higher thermal characteristics andgreatly improve heat transfer efficiency over ordinary fluids. Surface changes, such as lasertexturing, electrochemical deposition, and hydrophobic coatings, significantly reduce fouling whileincreasing boiling heat transfer. Extended surfaces with a variety of fin designs, including louvered,wavy, and helical fins, improve turbulence and thermal performance. Machine learning algorithms,genetic algorithms, and multi-objective optimization frameworks are examples of emergingtechnologies that improve heat exchanger performance under a variety of scenarios. Phase changeand piezoelectric materials present innovative thermal management strategies. The existing reviewpaper lacks individual enhancement methods, making it difficult to compare knowledge acrosscategories. Moreover, recent innovations like hybrid nanofluids, fractal/biomorphic designs, surfacemodification techniques were missing in earlier reviews. This review highlights the significance ofcombining material science, surface engineering, and computational methodologies to improve heatexchanger efficiency and operational effectiveness.