Adverse drug reactions to antitubercular therapy in osteoarticular tuberculosis: a retrospective observational study from a tertiary care center

Background: Osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) is a challenging form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) that often requires long-term multidrug regimens. Antitubercular therapy (ATT) can lead to significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs), potentially affecting patient adherence and outcomes. Objectives were to assess the types and frequencies of ATT-induced ADRs in patients treated for osteoarticular TB. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 27 patients diagnosed with OATB, who were treated at Dr. RPGMC Tanda. Patient records and telephone interviews were used to collect data on ADRs. Descriptive statistics were used for analyses. Results: Of 27 patients, 13 (48.1 %) experienced ADRs. GI symptoms were the most common (18.5%), followed by dermatological (11.1%) and neurological (11.1%) side effects. One case each of hepatotoxicity with liver failure and epistaxis, and two cases of ocular symptoms were recorded. Conclusions: Nearly half of the patients developed ADRs to ATT. Regular monitoring and early intervention are essential to improve treatment compliance and patient safety.