A comprehensive study on the impact of dumping of non biodegradable material in water bodies in Tamil Nadu

This study investigates the intricate ecological, cultural, and environmental dimensions of Ganesh Chaturthi, focusing on the transition from eco-friendly clay idols to chemically processed Plaster of Paris (PoP) idols. Originally a festival grounded in sustainable traditions, Ganesh Chaturthi has evolved in ways that have introduced serious environmental challenges. By contrasting historical eco-conscious rituals with present-day practices, the research illustrates how the use of natural clay once supported soil health and respected natural water systems, while modern alternatives now contribute to marine pollution and deteriorating water quality. The paper explores the cultural heritage of clay idol-making, its spiritual significance, and regional customs in states like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, revealing how idol immersion was traditionally linked with practices like rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge. Drawing on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), community-based rituals, and the role of artisans, the study underscores the synergy between spirituality and sustainable water management in earlier times. In contrast, contemporary use of PoP, synthetic dyes, glitters, and industrial paints has disrupted ecological balance, harming aquatic biodiversity and threatening the livelihoods of traditional craftsmen. The research also reviews scientific findings on water quality post-immersion, regional examples, and environmental initiatives by NGOs and authorities. Ultimately, the study calls for a revival of eco-conscious idol-making and offers practical strategies to align environmental sustainability with religious observance. It concludes by encouraging policymakers, educators, and cultural leaders to protect the ecological essence of Ganesh Chaturthi through advocacy, regulation, and the restoration of time-honored practices.