Ten questions concerning challenges in preserving the materiality and memory of WWII heritage sites: the case study of Trondheim (Norway)

Abstract This study explores the challenges involved in preserving the materiality and memory of World War II (WWII) heritage sites in Trondheim, Norway. Structures such as military installations and bunkers hold significant cultural and historical value, yet their conservation involves facing a range of complexities between varying public perceptions, historical narratives, modern reuses, and physical durability. This study presents ten interconnected research questions designed to build a framework for understanding the various connections needed to address these complexities. By analysing Trondheim’s case study, this research highlights the importance of integrating both tangible and intangible aspects, considering public perceptions and managing the site’s appearance, use and identity to preserve historical narratives. The findings emphasise the value of cross-disciplinary collaboration in addressing the conservation of war-built heritage and propose strategies for balancing memory preservation with evolving urban contexts. This research also provides a database for better site management and future memory-related interventions.