Rice breeding in Malawi: A review

Abstract Rice ( Oryza sativa L., 2n = 2x = 24) is a crucial cereal crop grown in 110 countries globally, with increasing demand for consumption. In Africa, rice self-sufficiency is at 50%, while in Malawi, it stands at 98%. This review paper was aimed at providing comprehensive information on breeding strategies, production trends, constraints, and opportunities as well as prospects for the future for increased yield, grain quality, and climate smart rice with a focus on Malawi. The information in this review paper was obtained using multiple academic databases, personal experiences in rice breeding work over the years, and critical analysis and synthesis of relevant data. This review had discovered that rice is a globally important cereal crop cultivated in over 110 countries. It had also revealed that Africa’s self-sufficiency is at 50% while in Malawi, it is significantly as high as 98%. This review had also laid bare different breeding strategies and seed production and distribution channels that are used to develop rice varieties and make seed available to farmers in some parts of the world, including Malawi. There is strong potential for a rice green revolution in Malawi. Government policy frameworks and strategies are aligned with modernizing rice breeding through science and technology in line with Malawi’s Vision 2063 Agenda for economic growth and self-reliance. Adoption of modern breeding technologies such as use of molecular markers as well as CRISPR and sustainable practices supported by strong policy initiatives and improved market linkages would enhance the rice sector in Malawi.