Determinants of vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic among children aged 12–23 months in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

In summary, our findings indicate a pressing need to address the identified determinants to improve vaccination coverage, which is currently below the World Health Organization's recommended levels. Therefore, targeted efforts must be made to enhance awareness and accessibility, particularly focusing on family size, logistical barriers, multiple immunization schedules, and effective communication through various media channels. Meeting the recommended vaccination rate will require coordinated action among healthcare providers, policymakers, and communities.