Space‐Time‐Modulated Radiation‐Type Digital Metasurface Enabled Smart Jamming

Abstract The increasing demand for electromagnetic (EM) spectrum dominance in modern electronic warfare has exposed the limitations of traditional jamming techniques, which often fail in emerging communication environments characterized by high adaptability, strong anti‐jamming capability, and parameter uncertainty. To address these challenges, a smart jamming approach based on a radiation‐type space‐time‐modulated metasurface (STMM) is proposed in this work. The STMM integrates 1‐bit phase shifting and radiation capabilities into a compact meta‐atom, enabling real‐time programmable modulation without external feed sources. By leveraging time modulation sequences, the proposed STMM adaptively generates in‐band aliased harmonic clusters that destructively jam target signals, even without prior knowledge of modulation formats or parameters. Additionally, spatial beam steering is achieved through precise control of the metasurface, enabling high‐energy aliased harmonic components to be directed toward multiple angular sectors, thereby realizing wide‐angle jamming coverage. The proposed jamming system is examined through a comprehensive framework comprising theoretical analysis, hardware prototyping, numerical simulations, and experimental validation. The results confirm that the capability of the proposed STMM to achieve intelligent, adaptive, and wide‐angle jamming. This work demonstrates a viable and highly efficient approach for novel smart jamming systems and provides a solid foundation for the development of advanced electronic countermeasure technologies.