Integration Of Synthetic And Biodegradable Polymers Through Green Electrospinning For The Development Of Heterogeneous Nanofiber Layers For Biomedical Applications

The growing environmental concern about non-biodegradable synthetic materials and solvent-based processing methods necessitates the development of sustainable nanofiber technology. Green electrospinning is a clean and ecologically friendly technology for producing materials that are both safe for the environment and practical. This study uses green electrospinning to create heterogeneous nanofiber layers by combining synthetic polymers (polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and polycaprolactone) with biodegradable polymers (chitosan and cellulose acetate). Aegle marmelos extract is used to boost antibacterial activity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are used to examine morphological, chemical, and mechanical properties, while biodegradability and eco-toxicological tests are used to determine environmental safety. Antimicrobial activity is tested against E. coli, S. aureus, and Candida albicans. The hybrid nanofibers have smaller diameters, more surface roughness, and enhanced structural homogeneity than synthetic fibers. Weight loss over 60 days exceeds 60% for hybrid fibers, very much above synthetic analogues. Eco-toxicity studies affirm the absence of leachates with any harmful effects, guaranteeing ecological safety. Antimicrobial tests show very large inhibition zones for hybrid fibers, confirming their improved antimicrobial performance. The synthesized nanofiber layers effectively combine mechanical strength, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity without posing significant environmental risks. Their eco-friendly production and multi-functionality qualify them as potential candidates for air and water purification, pollution abatement, and eco-friendly biomedical applications. Future work should focus on large-scale production, life-cycle analysis, and the investigation of other natural bioactive agents.