Sweet Taste Preference, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Consumption, and Obesity in Elementary School Children

Introduction: Childhood obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, often exacerbated by high consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary beverages. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sweet taste preference, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and obesity among elementary school children in Indonesia, particularly within the structured environment of a full-day school. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used among 129 students from Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya Elementary School as participants. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, 24-hour food records, SQ-FFQ questionnaires, PAQ-C activity questionnaires, and Rank- Rating taste tests. Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Sweet taste preference (p = 0.366), taste sensitivity (p = 0.773), total energy intake (p = 0.266), and school-time energy intake (p = 0.397) were not significantly associated with obesity. However, SSB energy intake (p = 0.046) and total sugar intake (p = 0.001) were positively correlated with the incidence of obesity. Discussion: The findings indicate that while sweet taste preference alone may not predict obesity, excessive sugar consumption—particularly from SSBs—plays a major role. This suggests that the type and source of energy, rather than quantity alone, are more impactful. Conclusion: SSB and sugar intake are significantly associated with childhood obesity. Interventions focusing on reducing sugary drink consumption, improving dietary habits, and increasing physical activity are essential. A multilevel approach involving schools, families, and policy is needed to address the growing prevalence of childhood obesity in Indonesia.