High-precision modeling of photovoltaic arrays based on parameter correction and multi-peak characteristics analysis under partial shadow conditions

Abstract To address the problem that traditional PV array models cannot accurately reflect the multiple maximum power points of photovoltaic (PV) arrays under local shadow, a high-precision engineering mathematical (HPEM) model of the PV array based on parameter correction is proposed. Based on the single diode model, the compensation coefficient β of the light voltage effect ( β correction under weak light is 0.5–1.2, significantly optimized compared to the traditional fixed value β = 0.5) is fitted, which can improve the accuracy while ensuring calculation efficiency. Combined with the series-parallel circuit theory, the piecewise function model of the PV array under local shadow is derived. The number of peaks in the output characteristic curve is consistent with that of shadow areas. The simulation on the HPEM show that under the temperature of 25–80 °C and irradiation intensity of 200–1000 W m −2 , the average relative error between the maximum power point voltage and the Newton iteration method is only 0.08%, and that of the maximum power is as low as 0.07%. The HPEM model can accurately reflect the multi-modal distribution with a global extremum localization error of less than 1%, solving the problem of traditional MPPT algorithm easily falling into local extrema. This provides a support for simulating photovoltaic arrays under complex lighting and optimizing the layout of large-scale photovoltaic arrays, and a reference for improving related MPPT algorithms.