Manganese Porphyrin Reduces Oxidative Stress in Vulnerable Parkin-Null Drosophila Dopaminergic Neurons

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are heavily implicated in all forms of Parkinson's disease; however, antioxidant administration has largely failed in clinical trials. Among the likely causes of failure are brain bioavailability and cellular redox state. We have administered two manganese porphyrin compounds with different bioavailability, MnTE-2-PyP⁵⁺ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP⁵⁺, to parkin-null <i>Drosophila</i> food and found that the more bioavailable one, with higher brain and mitochondrial availability, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP⁵⁺, improves developmental deficits and motivated behavior in female flies. Using highly sensitive redox reporters, we further found that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP⁵⁺ reduces hydrogen peroxide levels in mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons that are functionally homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra and facilitates motivated behavior in female flies. Interestingly, both compounds reduce an oxidative stress marker at the whole-brain level and extend lifespan in control flies. Neither compound improves lifespan in parkin-null flies. Thus, additional studies, changing the timing and/or dosage of compound administration, are warranted.