The Impact of Climate and Landscape Diversity on Wetland Biomass: Research Progress and Future Prospects

As one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, wetlands play a crucial role in carbon cycling and maintaining biodiversity. In recent decades, due to the intensification of global climate change and increased human disturbance, wetland ecosystems have faced significant pressure, with wetland biomass dynamics influenced by both climate change and human activities. This paper briefly outlines the mechanisms by which various climate change factors-including temperature, precipitation, climate extremes, and landscape diversity-influence wetland biomass, as well as the ecological effects resulting from the interactions among these factors. It also identifies future research directions to provide guidance for wetland conservation and restoration. The high productivity of wetland ecosystems is primarily due to their unique hydrological conditions, high biodiversity, and biomass. Wetland biomass can characterize the productivity of wetland ecosystems and to some extent reflect their carbon sequestration capacity. However, under the backdrop of climate change, factors such as rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events have led to diverse changes and distributions in wetland biomass. On the other hand, landscape diversity represents habitat heterogeneity, and landscape diversity can indirectly regulate the formation of wetland biomass by altering species coexistence mechanisms and resource utilization efficiency. Therefore, understanding the impact of climate and landscape diversity on the formation of wetland biomass is essential.