Computational Theory and Experimental Research on Coherent Optical Imaging

Since the advent of lasers, coherent optical imaging has found significant applications in optical precision measurement. Among these, digital holography is a key research area. In detection studies, accurately obtaining the amplitude and phase of the object being measured through digital holographic image reconstruction is a critical research task. However, current coherent optical imaging formulas can only calculate the amplitude distribution of the image light field when the object size is smaller than one-quarter of the diameter of the optical system’s entrance pupil, making it difficult to meet the needs of applied research. This paper derives formulas that are not restricted by the size of the incident pupil and can calculate the amplitude and phase distributions of the image light field. Based on the mathematical analysis of the formulas, this paper introduces a technique for obtaining the amplitude and phase distribution of detected objects and provides experimental evidence.