Retrospective analysis of compliance with Reg. EC 1/2005: examination of Trade Control and Expert System for the transport of horses to and from Southern Italy

This study retrospectively analysed horse movements recorded in the European Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) arriving in, departing from and crossing Apulia, during 2022–2023. Data from 290 TRACES were analysed to identify the most common inaccuracies and regulatory non-compliances, as well as the difference in journey conditions between horses that did and did not arrive at a slaughterhouse. The dataset included 3254 horses recorded in the 290 TRACES, of which 2946 were for slaughter. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, or Mann-Whitney tests were performed. The most common routes for slaughter were from Poland and France to Apulia, while for other destinations were from Italy to Germany. Horses transported for slaughter were moved in significantly larger groups (mean 22 vs. 2 horses) and given less space per animal (1.57 vs. 3.25 m2) compared to other destinations (p < 0.001). Regardless of destinations and type of horses, namely registered and non-registered, the analysis revealed that journey durations, conditions, inaccuracies, and regulatory non-compliances were similar. Furthermore, 75 TRACES incorrectly classified horses as Registered when they were shipped for slaughter, which impedes verification of welfare standards. Many of the inaccuracies and non-compliances documented were associated with a specific transporter (p < 0.001). Our findings emphasise that TRACES needs improvements: many data fields were incorrectly completed, likely due to its complexity and vague policies. Shorter journeys and more space should be enforced to protect horse welfare during transport. Additionally, the TRACES’ portal for horses should ensure equal welfare standards for all transported horses, regardless of registration or destination.