Evidence of Waterborne Parasites in Mussels for Human Consumption Harvested from a Recreational and Highly Productive Bay

Coastal fecal contamination is a global public health concern, particularly due to waterborne protozoan parasites such as <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> and <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. Concepcion Bay (Chile) is an important recreational and productive area in Chile. Nevertheless, it is impacted by two submarine outfalls and a rural sewage treatment plant, which may contribute to fecal pollution. This study evaluated the presence of waterborne parasites in <i>Aulacomya atra</i> mussels intended for human consumption. The mussels were collected from three sectors of the bay: northern, central, and southern. A total of 600 mussels were analyzed as accumulators using PCR targeting SSU-rDNA and <i>β-giardin</i> genes for the detection of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>G. duodenalis</i>, respectively. Additionally, thermotolerant coliforms were quantified using the most probable number (MPN) method. Both parasites and coliforms were detected in all sectors, with the southern zone showing the highest number of positive samples, indicating a localized public health concern. This is the first report of these protozoa in mussels from Concepción Bay. The findings highlight the need for regulatory frameworks to control protozoan discharge and reduce pathogen transmission risks in coastal ecosystems, especially in areas with high recreational and economic activity, both in Chile and worldwide.