Model predictive control with delay compensation for enhanced frequency regulation in hybrid virtual synchronous generators-synchronous generator microgrids

The integration of distributed generation units, particularly inverter-based renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs), reduces grid inertia due to the lack of rotating mass, posing significant challenges to frequency stability in islanded microgrids. This paper addresses this critical issue through a novel control strategy combining virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology with model predictive control (MPC). We present a comprehensive dynamic model of a hybrid system featuring parallel VSGs and synchronous generator (SG), and propose a centralized MPC-based VSG controller integrated with an advanced delay compensator (ADC) for enhanced frequency regulation. The proposed system is rigorously evaluated under various disturbance scenarios, including step changes in active and reactive power references. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance compared to conventional VSG control, with the MPC-based strategy achieving a 80% reduction in frequency overshoot and a 45% improvement in settling time. These findings highlight the robustness and effectiveness of the MPC-ADC approach in maintaining frequency stability in low-inertia islanded microgrids, offering a promising solution for modern power systems with high renewable penetration. • A comprehensive dynamic model of parallel VSGs-SG systems is developed, addressing filter, grid, and load dynamics. • A central MPC-based VSG controller is proposed to regulate frequency and mitigate power fluctuations. • The impact of delays and VSG parameters on MPC robustness is analyzed for improved stability. • An advanced delay compensator (ADC) is introduced to address communication delays in MPC operations. • Simulations validate enhanced frequency control in RES-integrated microgrids under disturbances.