Manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio del Dengue en pacientes pediátricos

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which represents a public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgia, and, in severe cases, can progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The overall objective of the study was to analyze the clinical and laboratory manifestations of dengue in pediatric patients. The study methodology was a descriptive literature review based on studies published between 2019 and 2024 in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and ScienceDirect, using the PRISMA methodology for the selection of relevant articles. The results indicate that the most frequent clinical signs in children include fever, abdominal pain, and headache, while the most common laboratory findings are thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated transaminases. In addition, the diagnosis of dengue is based on the detection of viral antigens, serological tests, and molecular tests. The main complications observed include encephalitis, hemorrhages, and liver disorders. It is concluded that early identification of clinical signs and laboratory tests is essential to prevent serious complications. It is recommended to strengthen prevention strategies through awareness campaigns, improve sanitary conditions, and optimize diagnostic protocols in high-risk pediatric populations.