Holographic quantum foam: From theory to observations

Spacetime is foamy: it undergoes quantum fluctuations, with distance uncertainty scaling as the cube root of distances, consistent with the holographic principle — hence the name “Holographic Quantum Foam” (HQF). HQF, in conjunction with thermodynamics, naturally demands the existence of a dark sector, the quanta of which obey infinite statistics. Applied to the cosmos, HQF yields a cosmology with critical energy density and a dynamical cosmological constant, as well as a phenomenologically viable dark matter sector. An early cosmic acceleration can also be traced to HQF. Most importantly, it is verified by observations of gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A: the brightest ever seen in the optical/near-infrared through to X-rays; even at 251[Formula: see text]TeV. That is possible only for HQF if accounting for how real telescopes see foam.