Integrating Urban Design into Optimal Spatial Deployment of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases the need for charging stations, especially the public charging infrastructure. Tailored to various land use functions within various regions, the urban planning schemes for such infrastructure should be properly designed to improve user experience. This paper proposes a multi-stage stochastic optimization approach for spatial deployment of charging stations with the consideration of four urban design schemes to meet uncertain charging demands in multiple future years. To capture the increases of EV adoptions, a scenario tree is generated based on the collected data in a specific region in Tucson, Arizona, and both flow-capture location and location-allocation models are applied to predict the charging demands. The expected costs associated with such deployments will be minimized while the user experience with respect to urban design schemes will be maximized. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.