Planning for Net-Zero Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Texas through 2040

In the decade to come, it is imperative to deploy a ubiquitous charging infrastructure that ensures efficient and sustainable electrification of transportation. This research focuses on planning Texas's net-zero energy electric vehicle (EV) service network to accommodate the projected 45 million EV by 2040. The research aims to facilitate Texas' transition to a net-zero transportation paradigm. First, the number of battery-powered EV and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) is forecasted through 2040. Second, based on the projected fleet size, we use EVI-Pro Lite to determine the required number of Levels 1, 2 and 3 chargers. Finally, the sizing and sitting of solar and wind generation systems to power the state-wide stations is obtained. We choose 54 cities in Texas whose population exceeding 100,000 and allocate stations and chargers within cities and across highways and major intersections between adjacent cities. Two scenarios of EV-charging infrastructure deployment plans are proposed depending on charging demand, fleet composition, and home charger accessibility. Reducing emissions, minimizing charging congestion, and enhancing user experience are the design criteria when sizing and siting charging stations and renewable generation.