To Security and Beyond: Cyber-physical Security for Manufacturing Utilizing a Digital Twin Ecosystem

Industry 4.0 has led to the development of many innovative technologies that manufacturers can utilize to make better decisions and improve their processes. Some of these advancements introduce security concerns that require innovative defense strategies. Cyber-physical systems are a noteworthy example of these security concerns, as these systems can influence the physical and cyber domains. It is challenging to assess the vulnerabilities of cyber-physical manufacturing systems due to the complexity and cost of the machines used in manufacturing. Digital twins, another key Industry 4.0 technology, presents a unique opportunity to research potential attacks and defense mechanisms for Cyber-physical systems. Digital Twins are virtual replicas of physical systems that can be utilized to assess situations that are otherwise impossible to recreate in a real manufacturing setting without disrupting the production line or causing equipment damage. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of using a Digital Twin Ecosystem to explore the security of manufacturing assets. We will also present a scenario that utilizes a Digital Twin Ecosystem of a desktop five-axis milling machine. This case study will focus on how a collision detection system is a necessary security feature for Cyber-physical Manufacturing Ranges. The case study will reinforce how Digital Twin Ecosystems will help manufacturers tackle problems related to security and beyond.