Risk Reduction In Pregnancy: Evidence-Based Use Of Aspirin For Prevention Of Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder that emerges in the second half of pregnancy, characterized by the onset of hypertension and end-organ dysfunction. Globally, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the second leading cause of direct maternal death.1 Preeclampsia alone it is estimated to affect up to 5% of all pregnancies. This condition poses serious risks to both mother and fetus, including increasing the likelihood of complications such as preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and long-term cardiovascular consequences. Given the severity of complications associated with preeclampsia, prevention strategies are essential, particularly for individuals at high risk. One of the most well-established interventions is the use of low-dose aspirin, which has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of preeclampsia in select high-risk populations. Leading obstetric organizations, including the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) have issued guidelines recommending aspirin prophylaxis for individuals with specific risk factors for the development of preeclampsia. Despite this, awareness and implementation of these guidelines vary, highlighting the need for continued education and standardization of care. This article explores the current evidence and guidelines supporting the use of aspirin for preventing preeclampsia. By understanding the benefits of aspirin, identifying appropriate candidates most likely to benefit, and ensuring proper administration, healthcare providers can improve maternal and fetal outcomes and reduce the burden of this serious condition.