A State-of-the-Art Review on Nuclear Reactor Concepts and Associated Advanced Manufacturing Techniques

The political commitment to reaching carbon-free energy generation by the year 2050 has led to an increased expansion of renewable energy power plants. As renewable energy generation is intermittent and current energy storage options are limited, a diversified energy grid including nuclear power is the preferable choice for most nations. Many innovative reactor concepts are being pursued in research and development, aiming to supplement fluctuating energy sources. However, it is yet unclear if these technologies can be economically deployed in time. This paper presents the current political views and events concerning the global expansion of nuclear energy, focusing on Europe and the USA. Further, the most important safety aspects of large nuclear power plants are discussed. Moreover, knowledge and definition gaps regarding the applicability of established procedures for innovative reactor concepts are included. The authors highlight that advanced manufacturing techniques play a key role in the economic and technical realization of innovative reactor concepts. The present work is intended to provide insight into current developments in nuclear technology while providing more detail on safety aspects and innovative manufacturing methods.