Dose-Dependent Effects of Caffeine-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on Radioprotection and Antioxidant Activity in the Liver of Swiss Albino Mice

Background: Ionizing radiation, commonly used in radiotherapy and industrial applications, is known to cause significant oxidative damage by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This damage affects cellular macromolecules, leading to DNA breaks, lipid peroxidation, and depletion of antioxidant defenses. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of bioactive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), has emerged as a promising strategy for mitigating radiation-induced toxicity. This study investigates the radioprotective effects of caffeine-coated silver nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice exposed to gamma radiation. Methodology: Male Swiss albino mice were pre-treated with caffeine-coated AgNPs at doses of 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg for 15 days, followed by 5 Gy whole-body gamma irradiation. Body weight, liver weight, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were assessed up to 30 days post-irradiation. Results: Moderate doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) improved body and liver weights, reduced LPO, and preserved GSH levels. Low (25 mg/kg) and high doses (150–200 mg/kg) were less effective or showed signs of toxicity. Conclusion: Caffeine-coated AgNPs offer dose-dependent radioprotection against gamma radiation-induced oxidative damage, with 50–100 mg/kg showing optimal effects. Keywords: Caffeine-coated silver nanoparticles, radioprotection, gamma radiation, oxidative stress, GSH, LPO, Swiss albino mice, ROS, nanomedicine, antioxidant therapy