Integrative Management of Nonspecific Low Back Pain Using Bukhoor (Herbal Medicated Steam): Clinical Insights from a Case Series Bridging Traditional and Contemporary Therapies

Background: Nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is a common condition that affects people across all age groups and can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life. Conventional treatments, such as pain medications and physical therapy, often provide only partial relief and may be associated with side effects, especially with long-term use. As a result, there is growing interest in traditional systems of medicine, including Unani, which offer holistic and non-invasive treatment options. Objective: This case series aims to explore the potential benefits of Bukhoor therapy an herbal medicated steam treatment used in Unani medicine in managing chronic NSLBP. Methods: Three individuals with chronic NSLBP were treated with Bukhoor therapy using Tukhme Soya (Anethum sowa). Each patient received 10-minute steam sessions on alternate days for a total of 21 days. The severity of pain and level of disability were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after the treatment period. Results: All three patients reported noticeable improvements in both pain levels and functional ability. VAS and ODI scores showed consistent reductions from baseline to the end of treatment. No adverse effects were observed, and all patients tolerated the therapy well. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that Bukhoor therapy may serve as a safe and promising complementary treatment for chronic NSLBP. Further research, including larger and controlled studies, is needed to establish its efficacy and integrate it more effectively into comprehensive pain management strategies. Keywords: Nonspecific low back pain, Unani medicine, Ilaj bit Tadbeer, Medicated steam, Bukhoor therapy