Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfamethoxazole Derivatives

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) belongs to the sulfonamide group of antibiotics. It was chosen to represent this group because it is widely used and detected in aquatic environments. The thiazolidine ring has been incorporated into many well-known biologically active compounds, either as an additional component or by replacing another ring, prompting researchers to develop several compounds with this structure. Furthermore, the chemistry of chalcones has produced serious scientific readings throughout the world. Chiefly, interest has been concentrated on the creation and biodynamic actions of chalcones so that a diversity of novel heterocycles with favorable pharmaceutical shape can be designed. Synthetic procedures have been successfully developed for the generation of the target compounds. Six different aromatic para-benzaldehydes (H, OH, OCH3, NO2, Cl, & N(CH3)2) were used, following a multi-step reaction procedure. The purity of the products was checked by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The chemical structure of the intermediate and final compounds was identified and verified by checking their melting points, using FT-IR spectroscopy, performing elemental microanalysis (CHNS), and analyzing the final compounds with 1H NMR. A preliminary study of antimicrobial activity was conducted on three different strains of bacteria, revealing that the final compounds M3(a-f) exhibit significant activity compared to the standard drug sulfamethoxazole, with moderate to favorable activity. Keywords: Sulfamethoxazole, Synthesis, Sulfamethoxazole Derivative, Antibiotic.